{"id":1910,"date":"2016-05-10T03:35:03","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T03:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/caygiongnongnghiep.com\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2016-05-10T03:35:03","modified_gmt":"2016-05-10T03:35:03","slug":"tin-tuc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/tin-tuc-2\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i d\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eeba \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (\u0110BSCL) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eeba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 150 lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e2y d\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n, l\u00e1, hoa, tr\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft c\u00e2y d\u1eeba. Trong b\u00e0i n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft c\u00e2y d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

I. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ea1i d\u1eeba:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. B\u1ecd d\u1eeba\u00a0<\/strong>(Brontispa longissima Gestro): B\u1ecd d\u1eeba hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam.<\/p>\n

\"bo-dua\"<\/p>\n

a. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3: B\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea3i qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, nh\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng. B\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 9-10mm, ngang 2-2,25mm, r\u00e2u d\u00e0i 2,75mm, c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb 130-135 ng\u00e0y. Con c\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 tu\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn 120 tr\u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng. Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

b. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i: Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t ch\u01b0a m\u1edf. Ch\u00fang \u0103n l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u00e1 b\u1ecb h\u00e9o kh\u00f4, m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 hoa c\u00e1i b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadu r\u1ea5t \u00edt, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. C\u00e2y d\u1eeba b\u1ecb b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdn b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4, l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t cong queo .<\/p>\n

c. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t c\u00e2y d\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian n\u1edf bung b\u00f3 l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdn, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y; c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1eeba con trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 d\u1eeba m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt n\u00ean b\u1eaft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c Ambush phun 4 tu\u1ea7n 1 l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u00e2y d\u1eeba con s\u1eafp tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean nh\u00fang c\u00e2y con v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ambush v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u dung d\u1ecbch phun l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n ra tr\u1ed3ng: 3g Ambush + 15g ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh Agral, pha v\u00e0o 15 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00f9ng 21g Padan 95WP, Furadan 3G ho\u1eb7c Basudin 10H tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi 80g m\u1ea1t c\u01b0a t\u00fam v\u00e0o bao v\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng treo \u1edf ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 90 ng\u00e0y. D\u00f9ng Vicarb 95BHN d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ef1ng trong bao gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn d\u1eeba, thu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i l\u01b0u d\u1eabn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdt d\u1eeba trong nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9ng Actara b\u01a1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y d\u1eeba, c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c d\u1eeba 1-1,5m. \u0110\u1ee5c l\u1ed5 nghi\u00eang 45 \u0111\u1ed9, s\u00e2u kho\u1ea3ng 3-4cm, b\u01a1m thu\u1ed1c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u00edt l\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh sinh h\u1ecdc: D\u00f9ng ong k\u00fd sinh (Asecodes hispinarum), lo\u00e0i ong n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en, h\u00fat m\u1eadt hoa v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebb v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ong k\u00fd sinh m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau 3 tu\u1ea7n. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ong k\u00fd sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y .<\/b><\/p>\n

2. Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<\/strong>(Oryctes rhinoceros L.): Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2y d\u1eeba. Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e2y d\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, \u0103n c\u00e1c l\u00e1 non \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1eeba, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft c\u00e2y d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\"kien-vuong-hai-dua\"<\/p>\n

a. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3i qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: tr\u1ee9ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, nh\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tr\u1ee9ng: Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n d\u1eeba v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c d\u1eeba m\u1ee5c, \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, r\u01a1m m\u1ee5c, th\u00e2n b\u1eafp, l\u00e1 m\u00eda\u2026 Tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 3-4mm. Sau 7-18 ng\u00e0y tr\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng: \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eadp cong th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0 mang 3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 60-105mm<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 80-130 ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebb ra.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Nh\u1ed9ng: Nh\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u00e9n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u01a1 d\u1eeba. Nh\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong k\u00e9n t\u1eeb 14-29 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en h\u01a1i n\u00e2u v\u1edbi 1 c\u00e1i s\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb t\u1eeb 70-140 tr\u1ee9ng. Ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00e1 ch\u01b0a t\u00e1ch trong b\u00f3 l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

b. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u01a1i th\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng chui qua \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e9t v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y d\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u00f3 l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y d\u1eeba. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi l\u00e1 m\u1ecdc ra c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh r\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e2y s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n do b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4ng, n\u1ea5m s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e2n d\u1eeba qua ch\u1ed5 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng do ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

c. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb: \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i d\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0V\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1eddn: V\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed5 cho ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, b\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng tay. D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c, th\u00e2n, l\u00e1 d\u1eeba hoai m\u1ee5c,.. kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh sinh h\u1ecdc: N\u1ea5m Metarhizium anisopliae (MA) ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n Baculovirus.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u00e3i Padan 90WP, Servin 85 WP, Basudin 10H v\u00e0o b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi c\u00e2y d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 Basudin 10H v\u00e0o hang sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: Tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e3y ph\u00e2n l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bay v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110u\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/strong>(Rhynchophorus ferruginenus O.): \u0110u\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdt non, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, c\u00e2y d\u1eeba ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u00f2n t\u01a1 hay c\u00e2y s\u1eafp v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00f3ng \u0111u\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c th\u00e2n. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e2y d\u1eeba t\u1eeb 2-15 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111u\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y d\u1eeba t\u1eeb 3-6 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"duong-hai-dua\"<\/p>\n

a. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3: V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng d\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, nh\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tr\u1ee9ng: M\u1ed9t con \u0111u\u00f4ng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb trung b\u00ecnh 240 tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf sau 3-5 ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, n\u01a1i b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 Tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kem v\u00e0 h\u01a1i d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kem, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng \u0103n c\u00e2y d\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng 50 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Nh\u1ed9ng: Nh\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m trong 1 c\u00e1i k\u00e9n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 g\u1ed7 d\u1eeba (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ea7n v\u1ecf c\u00e2y). Sau 19 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng: C\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u \u0111en. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1eebng d\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u0169i s\u1eebng h\u01a1i cong xu\u1ed1ng (H\u00ecnh 8 v\u00e0 9). Th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111u\u1ee3c 3-4 th\u00e1ng. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng l\u00e0 195 ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

b. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i: Con \u0111u\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. Khi tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng kho\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang \u0103n v\u00e0 l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kho\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ed5 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u0111u\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c b\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 g\u1ed5 d\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0u n\u00e2u h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf. Khi \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0103n \u0111\u1ecdt d\u1eeba (\u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng), nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 non b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u00e2y d\u1eeba s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

c. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb: Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e2y d\u1eeba. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 10-25cm h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec7ch xu\u1ed1ng 15cm b\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan 1- 2 l\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u0111u\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 cho v\u00e0o l\u1ed5 khoan c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 Basudin. B\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Sau 3-4 ng\u00e0y, ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ec1 tai v\u00e0o th\u00e2n d\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn nghe ti\u1ebfng r\u1ea1o r\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a m\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd thu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n hai, n\u1ebfu \u0111u\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i hay h\u00e0n k\u00edn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3nh g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u01a1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t than. Nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n d\u1eeba, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng cho \u0111u\u00f4ng. D\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t than \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y con. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng cho \u0111u\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u00e1c c\u00e2y d\u1eeba non, g\u1ed1c d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng. Th\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng. B\u1eaft \u0111u\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ed9t than.<\/p>\n

4. S\u00e2u n\u00e1i\u00a0<\/strong>(Parasa lepida): Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con b\u1ecd d\u1eeba, s\u00e2u n\u00e1i \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u1eeba gi\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng t\u00e1n l\u00e1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u01a1 x\u00e1c, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

a. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3: S\u00e2u n\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t. Tr\u1ee9ng tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c. V\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t, d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng b\u00ean trong xuy\u00ean qua v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u n\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9o k\u00e9n tr\u00f2n, dai trong 1-2 ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a k\u00e9n. B\u01b0\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n chui ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbm chui ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh. B\u01b0\u1edbm r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t b\u01b0\u1edbm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng b\u1ea9y. B\u01b0\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng \u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Con c\u00e1i mang \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1ee9ng khi chui ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

b. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u n\u00e0y. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0103n l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00e1. \u0110\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0103n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2n l\u00e1. N\u1ebfu g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

c. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb: Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u n\u00e1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y d\u1eeba cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u n\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh sinh h\u1ecdc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng k\u00fd sinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ru\u1ed3i (tachinids) v\u00e0 ong b\u1eafp c\u00e0y (Hymenopterans) gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u n\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u n\u00e1i. Khi nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u non nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ee9ng, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho nh\u1eefng con c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng k\u00fd sinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng canh t\u00e1c: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c k\u00e9n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eeba nh\u1ecf, b\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft c\u00e1c con s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ng\u1ee9a v\u00e0 k\u00e9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u n\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf cho d\u1eeba. Nh\u1eefng con b\u01b0\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng bay \u0111\u00eam, ch\u00fang b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00f9ng b\u1eaby \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1eaby n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng khi c\u00e1c con b\u01b0\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chui ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n. \u0110\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 10 b\u1eaby \u0111\u00e8n cho 1ha l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y d\u1eeba nh\u1ecf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 qua r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u Azodrin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u n\u00e1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5. Chu\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/strong>(Ratus):<\/p>\n

a. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i: \u1ede v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do chu\u1ed9t g\u00e2y ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30-40%. Chu\u1ed9t c\u1eafn ph\u00e1 r\u1ec5, tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, c\u00e2y d\u1eeba m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e9t tr\u00e1i tr\u00ean qu\u00e0y. Chu\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m um t\u00f9m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ecf. Chu\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba t\u1eeb 2-6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee5c kh\u00f3et \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n c\u01a1m d\u1eeba v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"chuot-gam-qua-dua\"<\/p>\n

b) Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0V\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 t\u00e1n d\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng thi\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng r\u1ed9ng 40cm bao quanh th\u00e2n d\u1eeba c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c d\u1eeba 2m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y d\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng thi\u1ebfc s\u1ebd k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y hay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y t\u1ea1p trong v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: d\u00f9ng b\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c phosphor k\u1ebdm theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 19 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh 200g \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf g\u1ed1c hay ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0B\u1eaby chu\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eaby \u1ed1ng tre, b\u1eaby l\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

II. B\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i d\u1eeba:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m l\u00e1:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean c\u00e2y d\u1eeba. B\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi hai lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 Pestalozzia palmarum Cke v\u00e0 Helminthosorium sp.. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m P. palmarum l\u00e0 l\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0ng, sau l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n n\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n m\u00e0u xanh. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m ch\u00e1y n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

\"benh-dom-la-dua\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00eca l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 ch\u00e1y. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i do n\u1ea5m Helminthosporium sp. g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4, ch\u00e1y (L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u00e2u, 1999). B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kali. B\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e2y con. B\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p n\u00ean c\u00e2y con ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ede c\u00e2y l\u1edbn, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m c\u00e2y ch\u1eadm cho tr\u00e1i hay gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eeba. N\u00ean b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n Kali cho d\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y con \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y \u00edt nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 mau cho tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdt<\/strong>\u00a0(Phytophthora palmivora Butler): N\u1ea5m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y d\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee7 h\u1ee7 b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft sau khi c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng .<\/p>\n

\"benh-thoi-dot-dua\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y ch\u1ebft sau 3-5 th\u00e1ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e2y d\u1eeba b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdt m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111u\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, tuy nhi\u00ean quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111u\u00f4ng d\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a khi c\u00f3 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm, khi \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. N\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xen nh\u01b0 ca cao, ti\u00eau. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, Aliette hay Ridomil.<\/p>\n

3. N\u1ee9t, r\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i:<\/strong>\u00a0N\u1ee9t, r\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Fusarium sp., do thi\u1ebfu Kali, do thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eadp \u00fang.<\/p>\n

\"nut-rung-qua-dua\"<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra m\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbi cho d\u1eeba trong m\u00f9a n\u1eafng, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp \u00fang trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n Kali ho\u1eb7c r\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 1-2 l\u1ea7n\/n\u0103m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t, r\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i tr\u00ean d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eeba \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (\u0110BSCL) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eeba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 150 lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[891],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giongcayanqua.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}